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Physics
The Morbid Equation of Quantum Numbers
X. D. Dongfang
Orient Research Base of Mathematics and Physics,
Wutong Mountain National Forest Park, Shenzhen, China
The lowest standard of natural science theory is logical self consistency. Specifically, its method
and inference must conform to the Dongfang unitary principle. However, relativity and quantum
mechanics, as the basis of modern physics, are not so, and the problems of quantum mechanics
are hidden deeper because the substantive mathematical principles of quantum mechanics have not
b een revealed. The quantum model of valence electron generation orbital penetration of alkali metal
elements with unique stable structure is investigated. The electric field outside the atomic kernel is
usually expressed by the Coulomb field of the point charge mode, and the composite electric field in
atomic kernel can be equivalent to the electric field inside the sphere with uniform charge distribution
or other electric fields without divergence point. The exact solutions of two Schr¨odinger equations for
the bound state of the Coulomb field outside the atom and the binding state of the equivalent field
inside the atom determine two different quantization energy formulas respectively. Here I show that
the atomic kernel surface is the only common zero potential surface that can be selected. When the
orbital penetration occurs, the law of conservation of energy requires that the energy level formulas of
the two bound states must have corresponding quantum numbers to make them equal. The result leads
to an insoluble morbid equation of quantum numbers, indicating that the two quantum states of the
valence electron are incompatible. This irreconcilable contradiction shows that the quantized energy
of quantum mechanics cannot absolutely satisfy the law of conservation of energy, and quantum theory
violates the unitary principle. Further, I list the morbid equations composed of various eigenvalues of
the angular momentum of hydrogen atom described by Bohr theory, Schr¨odinger and Klein-Gordon
theory, and Dirac theory, and point out that there is an irreconcilable contradiction between the
minimum nontrivial angular momentum eigenvalue determined by the angular momentum eigenvalue
equation in quantum mechanics and the minimum nontrivial angular momentum eigenvalue of Bohr
theory.
Keywords: Dongfang unitary principle; Coulomb field; equivalent field; Schr¨odinger equation;
quantized energy; incompatible quantum states.
PACS number(s): 03.65.Ta—Foundations of quantum mechanics; 03.65.Ge—Solutions of wave
equations: b ound states; 03.65.Ud—Entanglement and quantum nonlocality; 03.65.-w—Quantum
mechanics.
1 Introduction
In a broad sense, the so-called quantization law is es-
sentially the discrete law of the motion and change of
matter. It is generally believed that the macro discrete
law is different from the microscopic discrete law. So
do they have a common description method? Although
the answer is usually considered negative
[1]
, the problem
deserves extensive and in-depth study. The key lies not
only in whether it is interesting, but also in whether it
can become a breakthrough point to reveal the essence
of quantum mechanics. This is a very interesting ques-
tion that deserves extensive and in-depth study Quan-
tum mechanics has achieved great success in describing
the law of micro motion, and quantum theory has been
developing continuously. However, the scope of quantum
theory has not been clearly defined
[2]
, and the essence of
quantum mechanics has been perplexing us. This is one
of the reasons for the slow progress of the quantization
theory of macro interaction. It is generally believed that
quantum mechanics is the most accurate physical theo-
ry with perfect mathematical deduction. However, when
we try to reveal the essence of quantum mechanics, we
will come to a different conclusion.
Planck formula of blackbody radiation, Einstein equa-
tion of photoelectric effect and Bohr energy level formu-
la of hydrogen atom gave birth to quantum mechanics
based on Schr¨odinger equation. Born’s statistical in-
terpretation of wave functions, de Broglie’s concept of
the duality of matter waves and wave particles, Heisen-
berg’s uncertainty principle, and the proposal of Klein
Gordon and Dirac equations promote the mystery of
the development of quantum mechanics. Quantum me-
chanics has almost developed into a new theology with
the emergence of quantum technologies such as the so
called photon entanglement communication. Because of
Citation: Dongfang, X. D. The Morbid Equation of Quantum Numbers. Mathematics & Nature 1, 202102 (2021).
2 X. D. Dongfang The Morbid Equation of Quantum Numbers
a large number of mathematical descriptions, it is gener-
ally believed that quantum mechanics is the most accu-
rate physical theory with perfect mathematical deduc-
tion. In fact, quantum mechanics is the most imprecise
theory to describe physical phenomena in mathematic-
s, although some quantitative inferences such as energy
level formula seem to be valid. The reason why quan-
tum mechanics brings mystery to physics readers is that
its precise mathematical principle is not really known,
and its existing mathematical description is very rough
and vague. When we are really familiar with the es-
tablishment and solution of the wave equation of quan-
tum force and try to reveal the mathematical essence of
the deepest quantum mechanics, we will find that many
inferences of quantum force are contradictory. For ex-
ample, replacing the mechanical quantities in the laws
of mechanics with the so-called Hermite operator acting
on the wave function to construct the wave equation has
become a decisive basic principle of quantum mechan-
ics. So why can’t quantum mechanics have third-order
and fourth-order or even higher-order wave equations?
To what extent can mechanical quantity be replaced by
Hermite operators? There is no scientific conclusion.
Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, the meaning
of wave function and the principle of uncertainty can be
given completely different explanations, so as to obtain
inferences with the same accuracy. However, because
modern physics advocates hegemony and sophistry, cor-
rect explanations and inferences often have no vitality.
Maybe in 100 years, those superior physical theories will
have a chance to survive and develop. Therefore, I am
still interested in gradually introducing new universal
scientific principles and new scientific inferences, and re-
vealing the fatal logical contradictions hidden in modern
physics.
The Dongfang unitary principle
[3, 4]
is a universal prin-
ciple that can effectively test the logical self consistency
of natural science theory. The expression of Dongfang u-
nitary principle is as following: There is a definite trans-
formation relationship between different metrics, and the
natural law itself will not change due to the selection
of different metrics. When the mathematical expression
form of natural law under different metrics is trans-
formed into one metrics, the result must be the same
as the inherent form under this metrics, 1 = 1, which
the transformation is unified. Bohr quantization angular
momentum and quantum mechanics quantization angu-
lar momentum constitute two metric, but they do not
meet the unitary principle. Based on the unitary princi-
ple, I propose the morbid equation of quantum numbers
derived from the quantum model of valence electron or-
bital penetration of alkali metal elements. When the
valence electron moves outside the atom kernel, the ef-
fective charge
[5]
of the atomic kernel is equivalent to the
point charge, and the interaction force between the va-
lence electron and the atomic kernel is described by the
Coulomb force. In the case of orbital penetration, if the
valence electron moves in the atomic kernel, the effec-
tive charge of the atomic kernel should not be equiva-
lent to the point charge, otherwise the singularity will
cause infinite electric field force and violate the natural
law. Because in theory, valence electrons can reach the
center of the atomic kernel, just as there is a particle in
the center of a star. Although the electric field in the
atomic kernel is complex, the charge of the atomic kernel
can be equivalent to the spherical charge with uniform
distribution. The formula of interaction force between
the valence electron and the atomic kernel is similar to
Hooke’s law. The quantum behavior of valence electrons
outside and inside the atomic kernel is described by t-
wo Schr¨odinger equations
[6]
, and two different forms of
quantized energy level formulas are given. Considering
the conservation of energy, two kinds of correlated quan-
tum states have at least one specific quantum number
respectively, which makes the two kinds of quantized
energy equal, resulting in the morbid equation of quan-
tum numbers without any real number solution. Briefly
speaking, when a particle moves between two differen-
t fields, two correlated quantum states constitute two
metrics. However, the two quantized energy does not
conform to the unitary principle, which means that the
law of conservation of energy is broken.
In fact, there are some obvious but always ignored
morbid problems in quantum mechanics. I enumerate
an morbid equation composed of the eigenvalues of the
angular momentum of the hydrogen atom described by
different quantum mechanics theories. It is hoped that
starting from solving this problem and one will expose
other hidden logical contradictions in quantum mechan-
ics, develop the mathematical theory required by quan-
tum mechanics, and finally solve the problem that quan-
tized energy destroys the law of conservation of energy.
2 The Morbid Equation of Quantum Num-
bers
If an isolated star body with uniform mass distribu-
tion has a straight hole through the center of the sphere,
and a particle emits into the hole, the particle will move
back and forth along the straight line where the hole is
located. When a particle is outside the sphere body, the
formula of the interaction force between the particle and
the star is the universal gravitation between the particle
and a mass point whose mass is equivalently concentrat-
ed at the center of the ball. It is the inverse square law.
In the sphere, the interaction between the particle and
the star is directly proportional to the distance from the
particle to the center of the ball, similar to the spring
force.
The Coulomb force is similar to gravitation, and it
is also the inverse square law. Suppose that there is a
charged sphere with uniformly distributed charges, and a
particle with opposite charge moves through the sphere.
Mathematics & Nature (2021) Vol. 1 3
The electric field force on the particle outside the sphere
is the Coulomb force, and the electric field force in the
ball is proportional to the distance from the particle to
the center of the ball. Alkali metal element is a stable
structure with an atomic kernel and an extra valence
electron in its outer layer. The atomic kernel can be
regarded as a sphere with uniform charge distribution,
and the valence electron motion may occur orbital pen-
etration. The ratio β between the radius of the atomic
kernel and the minimum radius of the atom satisfies the
inequality 0 < β 6 1. The quantum number describ-
ing the quantization energy of the valence electron in
the electric field inside the atomic kernel is a non neg-
ative integer l, and the quantum number n describing
the quantization energy of the valence electron in the
Coulomb field outside the atomic kernel is a positive in-
teger. When the orbital penetration occurs, the energy
is still conserved, and the two quantized energy formulas
must be equal, which gives the algebraic equation
3
β
n
2
β
2l + 3
= 1 (1)
Where 0 < β 6 1, n > 1, l > 0.
However, no matter what the quantum numbers n
and l take, equation (1) does not hold in the domain of
definition. The equation (1) is transformed into a cubic
equation about β expressed by the quantum numbers n
and l,
β
3
3n
2
β + (3 + 2l) n
2
= 0 (2)
Cubic equation (2) has a real root and two imaginary
roots. According to Fontana-Cardano formula
[7, 8]
, the
real number root is
β =2n
2
+
2
2
3
+n
4
[
(3+2l)
2
2n
2
+(3+2l)
(3+2l)
2
4n
2
]
2
3
2
1
3
[
(3+2l)
2
2n
2
+(3+2l)
(3+2l)
2
4n
2
]
1
3
(3)
The definition domain of the quadratic radical in the
above formula is (3 + 2l)
2
> 4n
2
, that is, the two quan-
tum numbers must satisfy the relation n 6 l + 3/2. Be-
cause β is not only the increasing function of n, but
also the increasing function of l. In order to find the
minimum value of β, when n takes the minimum value,
l should also take the minimum value. Take the min-
imum quantum number n = 1 and l = 0 to get the
minimum value of β
β
min
= 2 +
7
2
+
3
5
2
1
3
+
7
2
3
5
2
1
3
(4)
Namely, β
min
= 4.425988757. The result is inconsistent
with the domain β (0, 1].
Equation (1) is called the morbid equation of quan-
tum numbers. It shows that when the same microscopic
particle enters from one field to another, the quantized
energy of two different bound states describing the same
particle does not have the same value, even at the in-
terface of two fields. In short, the quantized energy of
quantum mechanics violates the unitary principle and
destroys the law of conservation of energy. This is a
logical contradiction. This contradiction is irreconcil-
able within the existing framework of quantum mechan-
ics theory, and may need a new theory to solve it. The
morbid equation of quantum numbers reveals that the
great success of quantum mechanics has always implied
sharp contradictions which must be corrected.
3 Derivation of morbid equation of quan-
tum numbers
The effective charge number of alkali metal and oth-
er elements is represented by Z
, and the elementary
charge is represented by e. According to the description
in the previous section, the electric field in the atomic
kernel is equivalent to that of the positive charge Z
e u-
niformly distributed in the sphere with radius δ. When
the electron moves outside the atom kernel, the alkali
metal atom forms the hydrogen like atom model. The
radius δ of the atomic kernel does not exceed the Bohr
radius a
0
= ε
0
h
2
πmZ
e
2
of the hydrogen like atom.
Where ε
0
is the dielectric constant, h is the Planck con-
stant, mm is the mass of the electron, 0 < β 6 1. The
radius of the atom kernel is expressed as δ = βa
0
, and
its concrete form is
δ =
βε
0
h
2
πmZ
e
2
(5)
The effective charge density of the uniformly dis-
tributed effective charge of the equivalent sphere is ρ =
Z
e
4πδ
3
3
1
, and the effective charge of the concen-
tric sphere with r 6 δ is q = ρ
4πr
3
3
= Z
er
3
δ
3
.
According to the Gauss theorem of electrostatic field,
the electric field inside the atomic kernel of r 6 δ is
E
1
= Z
er
4πε
0
δ
3
, and that of the atom with r > δ is
E
2
= Z
e
4πε
0
r
2
. The electric field force on the elec-
tron is F = eE, and its direction points to the center of
the sphere. Considering the penetration of valence elec-
tron orbit, let the common zero potential surface outside
and inside the atomic kernel be a concentric sphere sur-
face with r = a
c
. according to the definition of potential
energy U =
a
c
r
F·dr, the potential energies of the elec-
tron and the atomic kernel are calculated as follows
U
1
=
Z
e
2
r
2
8πε
0
a
3
c
Z
e
2
8πε
0
a
c
(r 6 δ)
U
2
=
Z
e
2
4πε
0
a
c
Z
e
2
4πε
0
r
(r > δ)
(6)
4 X. D. Dongfang The Morbid Equation of Quantum Numbers
When the velocity of the valence electron arriving at the
sphere surface of atomic kernel (r = δ) is v, it is obtained
according to the energy conservation law of classical me-
chanics
1
2
mv
2
+
Z
e
2
δ
2
8πε
0
a
3
c
Z
e
2
8πε
0
a
c
=
1
2
mv
2
+
Z
e
2
4πε
0
a
c
Z
e
2
4πε
0
δ
This formula is simplified to obtain 2a
3
c
3δa
2
c
+ δ
3
= 0,
that is, (a
c
δ)
2
(2a
c
+ δ) = 0, is obtained by simplifi-
cation. This cubic equation has two equal positive roots
a
c
= δ and one negative root a
c
= δ/2. The solu-
tion satisfying the physical meaning a
c
> 0 is a
c
= δ.
Therefore, the zero potential energy surface can only b e
selected on the equivalent sphere surface of the atomic
kernel. Thus, the two potential energy expressions (6)
are transformed into
U
1
=
Z
e
2
r
2
8πε
0
δ
3
Z
e
2
8πε
0
δ
(r 6 δ)
U
2
=
Z
e
2
4πε
0
δ
Z
e
2
4πε
0
r
(r > δ)
(7)
The wave functions ψ
1
and ψ
2
are used to describe
the quantum states of valence electrons in and out of
the atomic kernel respectively. The Schr¨odinger wave
equations for ψ
1
and ψ
2
are respectively as following
~
2
2m
2
+
Z
e
2
r
2
8πε
0
δ
3
Z
e
2
8πε
0
δ
ψ
1
= E
1
ψ
1
(r 6 δ)
~
2
2m
2
+
Z
e
2
4πε
0
δ
Z
e
2
4πε
0
r
ψ
2
= E
2
ψ
2
(r > δ)
(8)
The first equation is the Schr¨odinger equation of three-
dimensional like harmonic oscillator, and the second e-
quation is the Schr¨odinger equation of three-dimensional
like hydrogen atoms. The natural boundary condition is
ψ (r ) = 0, |ψ|(0 < r < ) ̸= . The exact so-
lutions of the two wave equations satisfying the natural
boundary conditions determines that the corresponding
energies in the equations are quantized, and the two en-
ergy eigenvalues
[9-11]
are respectively
E
1
=
l +
3
2
h
2π
Z
e
2
4πε
0
δ
3
m
Z
e
2
8πε
0
δ
(l = 0, 1, ···)
E
2
=
Z
e
2
4πε
0
δ
mZ
2
e
4
8n
2
ε
2
0
h
2
(n = 1, 2, ···)
(9)
These two quantized energy expressions of alkali met-
al elements are different from the common expressions
in textbooks, and both have a constant term. This is
because the classical law of conservation of energy de-
termines that the common zero potential energy surface
can only be selected on the surface of the atomic kernel
when the orbital penetration occurs.
When the valence electrons of an atom in a certain
energy state switch between the outer and inner atomic
orbits, the quantized energy is bound to be conserved.
The simplest model is that when the valence electron
is on the surface of the atom, the two quantized ener-
gies must be the same, that is, E
1
= E
2
. According to
formula (9), the equation is obtained
l +
3
2
h
2π
Z
e
2
4πε
0
δ
3
m
=
3Z
e
2
8πε
0
δ
µZ
2
e
4
8n
2
ε
2
0
h
2
(10)
By substituting formula (5) into the above formula, we
can get
2l + 3
β
3
=
3
β
1
n
2
(11)
In other words, the morbid equation of quantum num-
bers (1) is obtained.
In mathematics form, the limit cases of β = 1, l = 0
and n can make equation (1) hold, but the so-
lution of this limit case does not conform to the phys-
ical meaning. The two forms of quantized energy are
monotone increasing functions of n and l, and they are
conserved. The two forms of corresponding energy are
equal. When n , there must be l . However,
n is beyond the atomic range, and l cannot
be explained. Moreover, only whenn and l = 0,
there is a limit solution β = 1 in mathematical form.
These are all contradictory. Therefore, the limit cases
of n , l = 0 and β = 1 are not special solution-
s of equation (1) in accordance with physical meaning.
This detail also indirectly reminds us that there may
be some differences between physical mathematics and
pure mathematics that are usually ignored. On the oth-
er hand, when 0 < β < 1, the left side of equation (1)
is the fraction while the right side is natural numb er 1,
which is obviously contradictory. Therefore, equation
(1) has no physical solution in the domain of definition.
If there is a sphere with uniformly distributed charges,
the quantum behavior of a particle with opposite charge
passing through the uniformly charged sphere also has
various quantum morbid equations. The quantum mor-
bid equation shows that the Schr¨odinger equations of the
different bound states of the microscopic particles in the
sphere and outside the sphere are incompatible, which
naturally includes the Dirac equation.
The law of conservation of quantized energy requires
that there is a corresponding quantum number l for any
quantum number n, which makes equation (1) hold.
In fact, there is no set of quantum numbers n and
l that have physical significance to satisfy this equa-
tion. The morbid equation of quantum numbers in one-
dimensional motion is different. In addition, considering
that the values of the two wave functions on the real
surface of atoms should be equal, the morbid equation
of wave functions can be derived. If there is a sphere of
uniformly distributed charges, the quantum behavior of
a particle with opposite charge passing through the uni-
formly charged sphere also has various quantum morbid
equations. The quantum morbid equation shows that
Mathematics & Nature (2021) Vol. 1 5
the Schr¨odinger equations of the different bound states
of the microscopic particles in the sphere and outside
the sphere are incompatible, which naturally includes
the Dirac equation
[12-14]
. In fact, the Dirac equation of
harmonic oscillator has been avoided. The mathemati-
cal derivation methods of all kinds of quantum morbid
equations are the same. If the morbid equation of quan-
tum numbers is solved, other problems will not exist. All
in all, only the morbid equation of quantum numbers is
introduced here.
4 Morbid equation of quantized angular
momentum
The solution of some neglected difficult problems of
quantum theory is the key to reveal the essence of quan-
tum mechanics, and it is also the prelude to solving
the morbid equation of quantum numbers that repre-
sents the destruction of the law of conservation of ener-
gy by quantized energy. Completely solving the morbid
equation of quantum number requires new mathemati-
cal principle, which is the prerequisite for unifying the
macro and micro quantum theory
[15]
. Today’s theoreti-
cal physicists may not be able to successfully complete
this work for the time being. Here let me introduce the
morbid problem of eigenvalue set of angular momentum,
which is obvious in quantum mechanics but has been ig-
nored.
From Bohr theory to the Schr¨odinger equation, and
then from the Klein Gordon equation to the Dirac equa-
tion, the eigenvalues of angular momentum in quantum
mechanics are inconsistent. Bohr-Sommerfeld quantiza-
tion conditions are:
pdq = nh (12)
The eigenvalue set of angular momentum of Bohr’s hy-
drogen atom theory is
L = n~, n = 1, 2, 3, ··· (13)
The eigen equation of the square of angular momentum
in quantum mechanics is
~
2
1
sin θ
θ
sin θ
Y
θ
+
1
sin
2
θ
2
Y
ϕ
2
= L
2
Y (14)
The eigenvalue set of angular momentum of Schr¨odinger
and Klein Gordon’s hydrogen atom theory is
L =
l (l + 1)~, l = 0, 1, 2, ···
L
z
= m~, m = 0, ±1, ±2, ··· , ±l
(15)
The Dirac electron theory constructs an eigenequation
of angular momentum
~ˆκψ = ±
j +
1
2
~ψ, j = l ±
1
2
(16)
The eigenvalue set of angular momentum of Dirac’s elec-
tron theory of the hydrogen atom is
L = κ~, κ = ± 1, ±2, ±3, ··· (17)
Later, I will prove that this set of angular momentum
eigenvalues does not actually satisfy the Dirac equation
for the hydrogen atom.
Bohr Sommerfeld angular momentum eigenvalue set,
Schr¨odinger Klein Gordon angular momentum eigenval-
ue set and Dirac angular momentum eigenvalue set of
the hydrogen atom are inconsistent, which construct the
morbid angular momentum eigenvalue problem of quan-
tum mechanics:
L=
n~, n = 1, 2, 3, ··· (Bohr - Sommerfeld)
l (l + 1)~, l =0, 1, 2, ···
m~, m = 0, ±1, ±2, ··· , ±l
(Schr¨odinger)
κ~, κ = ± 1, ±2, ±3, ··· (Dirac)
(18)
Different quantum mechanics theories actually consti-
tute multiple metrics to test quantum mechanics. The
inference of angular momentum eigenvalues under dif-
ferent metrics is very different, so it does not meet the
principle of normalization, which p oses a challenge to
quantum theory. If the result of the experimental test
chooses one kind of inference, then the theory of other
inferences is actually denied. At this time, Bohr theory
seems to have a superior position. This is completely
inconsistent with the expectation of modern physics to
be eager for quick success and instant benefits.
Physicists who lack mathematical knowledge or un-
derstanding of the essence of physical concepts, and
therefore cannot really solve problems that could have
been solved, can always sophisticate and give logical
contradictions various usually unspeakable conclusion-
s. Just like understating that the relativistic motion
clock is expanded and the motion length is shortened,
abandoning scientific argument, authoritative physicist-
s only need to declare that the eigenvalues of angular
momentum of different quantum theories are differen-
t, which seems to have become or will become a scien-
tific conclusion. However, using the unitary principle
to test, the minimum nontrivial angular momentum of
Bohr’s hydrogen atom theory is
[16]
, and the minimum
nontrivial angular momentum of quantum mechanics is
2~
[17]
. It is impossible to take the median value be-
tween ~ and
2~ for the experimental observation of
the minimum nontrivial angular momentum of the hy-
drogen atom. The Bohr model and Schr¨odinger equation
of quantum mechanics need these two contradictory an-
gular momentum values respectively to derive the same
energy level formula of hydrogen atom
[18]
. This is the
most intuitive difficult problem of quantum mechanic-
s, and sophistry no longer seems magical. This shows
the power of the unitary principle. Perhaps abstract
6 X. D. Dongfang The Morbid Equation of Quantum Numbers
and vague knowledge such as the so-called semiclassi-
cal quantum theory can easily be chosen as the reason
to avoid the above contradiction, but in fact, the mini-
mum non-zero angular momentum of the hydrogen atom
happens to be ~. So, can we solve the minimum nontriv-
ial angular momentum difficulty of quantum mechanics
from the essence of quantum theory? The seemingly ac-
curate and complete quantum mechanics theory actually
hides enough subversive logical inconsistencies. Only by
discovering and eliminating the hidden logical contra-
dictions in scientific theory can we promote the correct
development of theory.
5 Conclusions and comments
The unitary principle is of great significance to test
and establish scientific theory. A complete physical the-
ory should not only conform to the unitary principle lo-
cally, but also conform to the unitary principle globally.
Using the unitary principle, we can find many important
problems hide in modern physics theory. The difficulties
of quantization angular momentum and the morbid e-
quation of quantum numbers show that the conservation
law of energy is destroyed because of quantized energy.
These are actually computational problems rather than
philosophical speculative problems. Quantum mechanic-
s is a computational science, and its paradoxes should be
expressed by mathematical equations. It is not helpful
for the progress and development of physics theory to
express the questions of quantum mechanics abstract-
ly or to limit the philosophical speculation to weaken
the logical difficulties of quantum mechanics. Physical
logic difficulties inevitably contain new physics myster-
ies, which need to be discovered by scientific calculation.
Quantum mechanics has puzzled some great physicists.
Feynman famously declared “I think I can safely say
that nobody understands quantum mechanics.”
[19-21]
E-
instein put forward the theory of light quantum, but
evaluated quantum mechanics “God do es not play dice
with the universe.”
[22]
Nevertheless, the success of quan-
tum mechanics is undeniable. Almost all physics prob-
lems are interrelated. If one of the most basic physics
problems is solved, other physics problems can be solved
well. Over the past 30 years, I have devoted ourselves to
the discovery and solution of the difficult basic problems
in theoretical physics. We have learned that the effective
breakthrough of physical theory must come from the dis-
covery and solution of the contradictions implied in the
past theories that can not be reconciled logically. There
must be systematic solutions to seemingly intractable
physical problems. It seems that quantum mechanics is
often misunderstood. Some reports on the progress of
quantum theory are even based on metaphysical think-
ing and tend to develop towards metaphysics. The main
reason is that the essence of quantum mechanics has not
been known. It is one of the effective breakthroughs to
reveal the essence of quantum mechanics and realize the
unification of macroscopic and microscopic quantization
theories by eliminating the logical difficulties of quantum
mechanics such as the inconsistency of quantization an-
gular momentum and the morbid equation of quantum
numbers.
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